Roman numerals guide
Roman numerals use seven main symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D, and M. The system is mostly additive, but a few values use subtractive pairs such as IV for 4 and IX for 9.
Basic symbols
I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, and M = 1000.
Subtractive pairs
Use IV for 4, IX for 9, XL for 40, XC for 90, CD for 400, and CM for 900. Avoid nonstandard combinations such as VX or IC.
How to convert a year
Break the year into place values. For example, 2026 is 2000 + 20 + 6, which becomes MM + XX + VI, or MMXXVI.
Common mistakes
Do not repeat V, L, or D. Do not repeat I, X, C, or M more than three times in standard notation. For ordinary modern use, keep values between 1 and 3999.
When to double-check
Always double-check Roman numerals before using them in tattoos, jewelry, certificates, logos, or printed material. Small mistakes can be hard to fix later.